🔬 Science · The Human Body
Immunity & Vaccines
Distinguish innate (non-specific, immediate) from adaptive (specific, memory-forming) immunity; explain how B cells produce antibodies that recognise specific antigens, how T cells destroy infected cells, and why immunological memory makes vaccines work; and describe the gut microbiome as a community of trillions of microbes that significantly influences immune function
Typical age: 11–13 years
“If your child was asked why they don't get chickenpox twice, could they explain the difference between just fighting off a germ and actually 'remembering' it — and describe how a vaccine trains the immune system without causing the disease?”
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